O.C.B. et papetiers Bolloré en Caroline du Nord, The Echo et Time Magazine 1940-50
Un article de GrandTerrier.
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Hans Harry Straus, natif d'Allemagne, porte le ruban rouge de la Légion d'Honneur sur le revers de sa veste, comme tous les entrepreneurs français qui ont réussi. Il l'a obtenue en 1937 pour avoir consolidé l'industrie de papier à cigarette français au même niveau que l'Autriche avant la 1ère guerre mondiale. | Hans Harry Straus, natif d'Allemagne, porte le ruban rouge de la Légion d'Honneur sur le revers de sa veste, comme tous les entrepreneurs français qui ont réussi. Il l'a obtenue en 1937 pour avoir consolidé l'industrie de papier à cigarette français au même niveau que l'Autriche avant la 1ère guerre mondiale. | ||
- | <spoiler text="Au moment où Harry Straus était nommé Chevalier ...">Au moment où Harry Straus était nommé Chevalier, ... some 26 French paper plants were furnishing 75% of the paper used in U. S.-made cigarets. Seeing another world war ahead. Paperman Straus was then already deep in plans to move a big piece of France's new industry west again—to the U. S. | + | <spoiler text="Au moment où Harry Straus était nommé Chevalier ...">Au moment où Harry Straus était nommé Chevalier, on comptait 26 papeteries françaises qui fournissaient 75% du papier à cigarette consommé aux US. Avec la perpective d'une autre guerre mondiale. Le papetier Straus était prêt à transférer un pièce importante de la nouvelle industrie française vers l'ouest, vers les US. |
- | Last week before the National Farm Chemurgic Conference in Chicago, big, balding Harry Straus rose to report on cigaret paper's newest move, to the broad Davidson River plain in the timber-clad Toxaway mountains 30 miles southwest of Asheville. N. C. There, on the day Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany, his Ecusta Paper Corp. turned out its first bobbin of cigaret paper. There the 17-building plant of Ecusta today runs 24 hours a day, employs 900 workmen, turns out some 50% of U. S.-made cigaret paper. | + | La semaine avant la Conférence Nationale de Chimie et d'Agriculture à Chicago, la tête chauve d'Harru Straus s'est levé pour annoncer le nouveau transfert, vers la rivière Davidson, dans les montagnes du parc à bois de Toxaway, à 30 miles au sud d'Asheville en Caroline du Nord. Là, le jour où l'Angleterre et la France a déclaré la guerre à l'Allemagne nazie, son entreprise papetière d'Ecusta a produit sa toute première bobine de papier. Là l'usine d'Ecusta avec ses 17 batiments tourne aujourd'hui 24 heures sur 24, emploie 900 ouvriers, et fabrique la moitié de la production américaine de papier à cigarette. |
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A l'instar d'Ecusta les autres entreprises papetières américaines, comme Peter J. Schweitzer Inc. etSmith Paper Inc., aimeraient briser le monopole du papier à cigarette français. Ecusta est passé de rien à la 1ère position sur le marché américain du fait que Mr Straus a été capable d'y injecter environ 4.000.000 dollars. Une partie de ce capital a été fournie par ses propres deniers, une autre part de ses deux sociétés françaises (Société Nouvelle des Papeteries de Champagne et R. Bolloré). | A l'instar d'Ecusta les autres entreprises papetières américaines, comme Peter J. Schweitzer Inc. etSmith Paper Inc., aimeraient briser le monopole du papier à cigarette français. Ecusta est passé de rien à la 1ère position sur le marché américain du fait que Mr Straus a été capable d'y injecter environ 4.000.000 dollars. Une partie de ce capital a été fournie par ses propres deniers, une autre part de ses deux sociétés françaises (Société Nouvelle des Papeteries de Champagne et R. Bolloré). | ||
- | <spoiler text="Le reste provenait d'importants crédits ...">Le reste provenait d'importants crédits ... from the Irving Trust Co. and whacking advances by the U. S. cigaret manufacturers, who put up $1,000,000 each. To them the advances were worthwhile as a hedge against possible wartime disruption of the French supply. But what interested the Chicago conference most last week was that Ecusta had made a short cut in technique, and (as Schweitzer and other tissuemen had done) made a new cash crop for farmers. | + | <spoiler text="Le reste provenait d'importants crédits ...">Le reste provenait de crédits substanciels d'Irving Trust Co. et d'avances importantes des fabricants de cigarettes des US qui ont mis 1 million de dollars chacun. Pour eux les avances permettent de contrecarrer l'arrêt des fournisseurs français pour faits de guerre. Mais ce qui intéressait encore plus à la conférence de Chicago était qu'Ecusta avait fait un progrès technique, et (comme l'ont fait Schweitzer et les autres papetiers) favorisait une culture de rapport pour les agriculteurs. |
- | Until a few years ago linen rags were the only base for cigaret tissues. Then chemists made what seemed to many a layman an obvious discovery—that the rag stage could be bypassed and tissue could be made direct from flax. To U. S. flax farmers, principally in Minnesota, California and North Dakota, this means that Ecusta alone will take the crop from 75,000 to 100,000 acres. If other U. S. cigaret paper makers complete the switch from rag base to flax, farmers of another 75,000 to 100,000 acres will have found a market for their crop. | + | Jusqu'à il y a quelques années les chiffons étaient la seule base pour le papier à cigarette. Ensuite les chimistes ont fait une découverte qui semble évidante pour les non initiés - que le temps du chiffon pouvait être dépassé et que le papier pouvait être issu directement du lin. Pour les cultivateurs de lin des US, principalement dans le Minnesota, Californie et le Dakota du Nord, cela veut dire qu'Ecusta à lui seul va utiliser les cultures de 37,500 à 50.000 hectares. Si les autres fabricants américains de papier à cigarette remplaçaient aussi le chiffon par le lin, les agriculteures des 37,500 à 50.000 hectares supplémentaires trouveraient un marché pour leurs cultures. |
- | Last week in the close-mouthed tobacco business, best estimate was that since World War II began, domestic production of tissue had increased from 25% to 40% of the total bought by U. S. cigaret makers. With both Ecusta and Schweitzer about to double their plant capacity, by war's end the U. S. may have another complete new industry, reaching from farm to factory, with a manufacturers' gross of some $10,000,000 a year. | + | La semaine dernière dans le monde fermé du tabac, les meilleures estimations depuis la 2e guerre mondiale a démarré, la production domestique de papier a augmenté de 25% à 40% sur le total acheté par les fabricants de cigarettes des US. Avec Ecusta et Schweitzer qui vont doubler la capacité de leurs usines, à la fin de la guerre les US aurant une industrie complete, de la ferme agricole à l'usine, avec un revenu brut annuel de 10 millions de dollars. |
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Company. Mr. Straus realized that the United States | Company. Mr. Straus realized that the United States | ||
was where he belonged, and he decided to make | was where he belonged, and he decided to make | ||
- | it his adopted country. In 1909 he purchased | + | it his adopted country ... |
- | Boucher Cork Company, becoming a | + | |
- | manufacturer of cork tipping for cigarettes, an importer | + | |
- | of gramophone needles, cork sheets, smoker’s | + | |
- | articles, and an importer and maker of manicure | + | |
- | sets. On December 31st of that year he married | + | |
- | Martha Washington Landeck. | + | |
- | In 1912 he founded the Rotagravure Company, | + | Mr. Straus became interested in cigarette |
- | making calendars and doing commercial printing. | + | paper just prior to World War I, and in 1915 he |
- | The following year he founded the O. K. | + | |
- | Button Moulds Manufacturing Company, which | + | |
- | made buttons of all types and sizes. One year | + | |
- | later he purchased the Funk Machine Company | + | |
- | and operated it under the name of Gefes | + | |
- | Machine Company, making gold, straw, silk and | + | |
- | wood veneer cigarette tips. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Mr. Straus became interested in cigarette pa | + | |
- | per just prior to World War I, and in 1915 he | + | |
started importing cigarette paper from French | started importing cigarette paper from French | ||
mills. This was the year that he founded Endless | mills. This was the year that he founded Endless | ||
Belt Corporation, making endlessly woven belts | Belt Corporation, making endlessly woven belts | ||
for cigarette manufacturers. He also purchased | for cigarette manufacturers. He also purchased | ||
- | the High Grade Button Works. | + | the High Grade Button Works ... |
- | + | ||
- | The period from 1915 to 1918 found him | + | |
- | delving into various fields. He founded the Electric | + | |
- | Directory Company, which made electric | + | |
- | advertising signs and city map guides; he | + | |
- | manufactured snap fasteners; imported bottle crown cork | + | |
- | from Spain; exported general merchandise to | + | |
- | South America; and made looms to manufacture | + | |
- | twill weave belts. During that period he founded | + | |
- | Peerless Roll Leaf Company, which hot-stamped | + | |
- | gold leaf on pencils, hat bands, books, etc. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | He founded the Sterling Gold Stamping & | + | |
- | Embossing Company in 1918 for the printing of | + | |
- | candy box tops and general fancy stamping in | + | |
- | gold. When Spain started manufacturing Cork | + | |
- | Bobbins in 1919, Boucher Cork Company | + | |
- | imported these bobbins, concentrating on the | + | |
- | making of gold and straw bobbins in New York. | + | |
- | The organization moved to W. 40th Street in | ||
- | New York City in 1923. During that year, Mr. | ||
- | Straus purchased substantial interest in the largest | ||
- | cork factory in Spain, and founded the Cork | ||
- | Import Corporation, importing No-Void pipe | ||
- | covering and insulation for refrigerators, ice houses | ||
- | and various other items. | ||
In 1927 he founded the DeMauduit Paper Cor | In 1927 he founded the DeMauduit Paper Cor | ||
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lets of roll-your-own cigarette papers, began the | lets of roll-your-own cigarette papers, began the | ||
following year, and 6ne year later he designed and | following year, and 6ne year later he designed and | ||
- | built the first machine to produce free booklets. | + | built the first machine to produce free booklets ... |
- | + | ||
- | Just one year after the inauguration of President | + | |
- | Roosevelt, he developed the American type | + | |
- | Rizla Boklets. He secured gumming machines, a | + | |
- | Chambon printing press, and built booklet | + | |
- | machines. This year, 1933, was the real beginning | + | |
- | of Ecusta. On October 18th his plans were first | + | |
- | published to make cigarette paper in America | + | |
- | with an American Raw Material. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The next year additional booklet machines | + | |
- | were built, and the ground was laid for the | + | |
- | production of a raw material when a mill was built | + | |
- | for plant research at Estill, S. C. On February 4th, | + | |
- | 1934, the first bale of fibre was produced at the | + | |
- | Estill mill. This necessitated the test planting of | + | |
- | flax in Oregon, Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, | + | |
- | Alabama, and Florida. On March 26th, 1936, the | + | |
- | first American grown flax was shipped to French | + | |
- | cigarette paper mills. A big event in his life | + | |
- | came on April 25 th of that year. He was present | + | |
- | ed the Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur by the | + | |
- | Government of France. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | He founded Central Fibre Corporation and | + | |
- | California Central Fibre Corporation in 1937, | + | |
- | building a plant at El Centro, California. They | + | |
- | purchased the first flax from the Imperial Valley, | + | |
- | shipped it to France, and the first cigarette paper | + | |
- | made from American flax came from the French | + | |
- | mills. | + | |
On May 5th, 1938, the newspapers displayed | On May 5th, 1938, the newspapers displayed | ||
- | the headlines, pleasing to the eyes of many Ameri | + | the headlines, pleasing to the eyes of many |
- | cans, HUGE CIGARETTE PAPER PLANT TO | + | Americans, HUGE CIGARETTE PAPER PLANT TO |
LOCATED IN PISGAH FOREST, N. C. On | LOCATED IN PISGAH FOREST, N. C. On | ||
August 7th, CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD’S | August 7th, CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD’S | ||
Ligne 542: | Ligne 469: | ||
changes in the Pulp Mill, adding seventeen larger | changes in the Pulp Mill, adding seventeen larger | ||
beaters to the Refining Department, and | beaters to the Refining Department, and | ||
- | installing four new paper machines. | + | installing four new paper machines ... |
- | + | ||
- | The ensuing year brought about many changes. | + | |
- | Production was doubled, portable decorticators | + | |
- | were built, production of booklets was doubled, a | + | |
- | large cafeteria was built, new machines v/ere de | + | |
- | signed and built for making booklets, and new | + | |
- | methods of manufacturing came into use. | + | |
- | In 1942 Mr. Straus was elected Chairman | + | |
- | of the Board of Trustees of the Transylvania Com | + | |
- | munity Hospital. He was elected Vice President | + | |
- | of the North Carolina Engineering Foundation | + | |
- | in 1946. On June 9th, 1947, the honorary de | + | |
- | gree of Doctor of Engineering was conferred to | + | |
- | him by North Carolina State College. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Mr. Straus, a mountain of physical and men | + | |
- | tal energy, has come a long way in his 65 years. | + | |
- | He has been a busy man, yet he has never failed | + | |
- | to interrupt his busy schedule to be of service to | + | |
- | his fellow men. Providing employment for hund | + | |
- | reds of native Carolinians, he has from the start | + | |
- | been interested in their welfare and happiness. | + | |
- | He has been a boon to the region, adding finan | + | |
- | cially and materially to education, religion, health | + | |
- | and civic betterment. | + | |
</spoiler> | </spoiler> | ||
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une vision affutée et une tenacité dans ses actions. | une vision affutée et une tenacité dans ses actions. | ||
- | <spoiler text="M. Straus vit le jour le 9 janvier 1894 ...">TM. Straus vit le jour le 9 janvier 1894. From the day of his birth | + | <spoiler text="M. Straus vit le jour le 9 janvier 1894 ...">M. Straus vit le jour le 9 janvier 1894. From the day of his birth |
until the turn of the century he lived the life of any | until the turn of the century he lived the life of any | ||
normal boy, fishing in the streams, playing with | normal boy, fishing in the streams, playing with | ||
Ligne 594: | Ligne 496: | ||
Company. Mr. Straus realized that the United States | Company. Mr. Straus realized that the United States | ||
was where he belonged, and he decided to make | was where he belonged, and he decided to make | ||
- | it his adopted country. In 1909 he purchased | + | it his adopted country ... |
- | Boucher Cork Company, becoming a | + | |
- | manufacturer of cork tipping for cigarettes, an importer | + | |
- | of gramophone needles, cork sheets, smoker’s | + | |
- | articles, and an importer and maker of manicure | + | |
- | sets. On December 31st of that year he married | + | |
- | Martha Washington Landeck. | + | |
- | In 1912 he founded the Rotagravure Company, | + | Mr. Straus became interested in cigarette |
- | making calendars and doing commercial printing. | + | paper just prior to World War I, and in 1915 he |
- | The following year he founded the O. K. | + | |
- | Button Moulds Manufacturing Company, which | + | |
- | made buttons of all types and sizes. One year | + | |
- | later he purchased the Funk Machine Company | + | |
- | and operated it under the name of Gefes | + | |
- | Machine Company, making gold, straw, silk and | + | |
- | wood veneer cigarette tips. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Mr. Straus became interested in cigarette pa | + | |
- | per just prior to World War I, and in 1915 he | + | |
started importing cigarette paper from French | started importing cigarette paper from French | ||
mills. This was the year that he founded Endless | mills. This was the year that he founded Endless | ||
Belt Corporation, making endlessly woven belts | Belt Corporation, making endlessly woven belts | ||
for cigarette manufacturers. He also purchased | for cigarette manufacturers. He also purchased | ||
- | the High Grade Button Works. | + | the High Grade Button Works ... |
- | + | ||
- | The period from 1915 to 1918 found him | + | |
- | delving into various fields. He founded the Electric | + | |
- | Directory Company, which made electric | + | |
- | advertising signs and city map guides; he | + | |
- | manufactured snap fasteners; imported bottle crown cork | + | |
- | from Spain; exported general merchandise to | + | |
- | South America; and made looms to manufacture | + | |
- | twill weave belts. During that period he founded | + | |
- | Peerless Roll Leaf Company, which hot-stamped | + | |
- | gold leaf on pencils, hat bands, books, etc. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | He founded the Sterling Gold Stamping & | + | |
- | Embossing Company in 1918 for the printing of | + | |
- | candy box tops and general fancy stamping in | + | |
- | gold. When Spain started manufacturing Cork | + | |
- | Bobbins in 1919, Boucher Cork Company | + | |
- | imported these bobbins, concentrating on the | + | |
- | making of gold and straw bobbins in New York. | + | |
- | The organization moved to W. 40th Street in | ||
- | New York City in 1923. During that year, Mr. | ||
- | Straus purchased substantial interest in the largest | ||
- | cork factory in Spain, and founded the Cork | ||
- | Import Corporation, importing No-Void pipe | ||
- | covering and insulation for refrigerators, ice houses | ||
- | and various other items. | ||
In 1927 he founded the DeMauduit Paper Cor | In 1927 he founded the DeMauduit Paper Cor | ||
Ligne 656: | Ligne 516: | ||
lets of roll-your-own cigarette papers, began the | lets of roll-your-own cigarette papers, began the | ||
following year, and 6ne year later he designed and | following year, and 6ne year later he designed and | ||
- | built the first machine to produce free booklets. | + | built the first machine to produce free booklets ... |
- | + | ||
- | Just one year after the inauguration of President | + | |
- | Roosevelt, he developed the American type | + | |
- | Rizla Boklets. He secured gumming machines, a | + | |
- | Chambon printing press, and built booklet | + | |
- | machines. This year, 1933, was the real beginning | + | |
- | of Ecusta. On October 18th his plans were first | + | |
- | published to make cigarette paper in America | + | |
- | with an American Raw Material. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The next year additional booklet machines | + | |
- | were built, and the ground was laid for the | + | |
- | production of a raw material when a mill was built | + | |
- | for plant research at Estill, S. C. On February 4th, | + | |
- | 1934, the first bale of fibre was produced at the | + | |
- | Estill mill. This necessitated the test planting of | + | |
- | flax in Oregon, Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, | + | |
- | Alabama, and Florida. On March 26th, 1936, the | + | |
- | first American grown flax was shipped to French | + | |
- | cigarette paper mills. A big event in his life | + | |
- | came on April 25 th of that year. He was present | + | |
- | ed the Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur by the | + | |
- | Government of France. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | He founded Central Fibre Corporation and | + | |
- | California Central Fibre Corporation in 1937, | + | |
- | building a plant at El Centro, California. They | + | |
- | purchased the first flax from the Imperial Valley, | + | |
- | shipped it to France, and the first cigarette paper | + | |
- | made from American flax came from the French | + | |
- | mills. | + | |
On May 5th, 1938, the newspapers displayed | On May 5th, 1938, the newspapers displayed | ||
- | the headlines, pleasing to the eyes of many Ameri | + | the headlines, pleasing to the eyes of many |
- | cans, HUGE CIGARETTE PAPER PLANT TO | + | Americans, HUGE CIGARETTE PAPER PLANT TO |
LOCATED IN PISGAH FOREST, N. C. On | LOCATED IN PISGAH FOREST, N. C. On | ||
August 7th, CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD’S | August 7th, CONSTRUCTION OF WORLD’S | ||
Ligne 710: | Ligne 539: | ||
changes in the Pulp Mill, adding seventeen larger | changes in the Pulp Mill, adding seventeen larger | ||
beaters to the Refining Department, and | beaters to the Refining Department, and | ||
- | installing four new paper machines. | + | installing four new paper machines ... |
- | + | ||
- | ... | + | |
</spoiler> | </spoiler> | ||
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Version du 22 mai ~ mae 2016 à 07:00
| Des explications sur la création d'une unité de fabrication de papier à cigarette aux Etats-Unis avec la participation de l'entreprise Bolloré et la papeterie de Champagne.
On y trouve aussi des échos sur le façonnage des cahiers O.C.B. par les ouvrières américaines, ainsi que les photos des héritiers Bolloré sur le site de l'usine d'Ecusta. Autres lectures : « L'entreprise Bolloré, Réalités Noël 1949 » ¤ « La création de la manufacture d'Odet et ses fondateurs » ¤ « Michel Bolloré (1922,1997), entrepreneur » ¤ « Gwenn-Aël Bolloré (1925-2001), écrivain-poète et PDG » ¤ « 1937 - L'abbé Le Goff contre le travail le dimanche aux usines d'Odet et de Cascadec » ¤ |
1 Présentation
Grâce au numéro d'avril 1940 (avec Mussolini en couverture) de cette revue prestigieuse « Time Magazine » en langue anglaise, on en sait un peu plus sur le démarrage de l'usine de fabrication du papier à cigarette sur le sol américain en 1939-40, avec l'aide financière de l'entreprise Bolloré : légion d'honneur du fondateur, financement croisé, première bobine de papier le jour de la déclaration de la guerre, équipe d'experts français sur place et mobilisée ensuite sur le front ...
Et en feuilletant le bulletin de liaison interne « The Echo » de cette usine Ecusta, on a quelques anecdotes sur les cahiers O.C.B. et on découvre même des photos de deux jeunes héritiers Bolloré (Michel et Gwenaël), leur père étant décédé en 1935. Ecusta, à l'origine un nom indien Cherokee qui signifie « cascade d'eau », est le lieu dépendant de la ville Brevard et du dumaine naturel de Pisgash Forest où en 1939, entre Greenville (Michelin) et Asheville, un industriel d'orgine allemagne a lancé la construction d'une gigantesque usine de fabrication de paper à cigarette. |
2 Transcriptions
2.1 IN ENGLISHTime Magazine, vol XXXV, april 1940, p. 74
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2.2 EN FRANÇAISTime Magazine, vol XXXV, avril 1940, p. 74
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The Echo, feb. march 1940, French leave
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The Echo, février-mars 1940, départ des Français
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The Echo, 1940, 1942, 1946, O.C.B. booklets
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The Echo, 1940, 1942, 1946, cahiers O.C.B.
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The Echo, August 1947, Gwennael Bollore
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The Echo, Août 1947, Gwennael Bollore
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The Echo, March 1948, Monsieur Cartel
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The Echo, Mars 1948, Monsieur Cartel
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The Echo, September 1949, Harry H. Straus
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The Echo, Septembre 1949, Harry H. Straus
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The Echo, May 1950, Mr and Mrs Michel Bollore
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The Echo, Mai 1950 M. and Mme Michel Bolloré
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3 Coupures de presse
Time Magazine 1940 | |||||
The Echo 1940-1950 | |||||
4 Annotations
- Jacques Marie Thubé, né le 22 juin 1882 à Nantes et mort le 14 mai 1969 à Nantes, est un marin français. Il est le fils de l'armateur nantais Gaston Thubé et de Marie Amélie Lourmand. Il est donc l'oncle des frères René Bolloré, Michel Bolloré et Gwenn-Aël Bolloré. Avec ses frères Amédée et Gaston, il est sacré champion olympique de voile en épreuve de 6 mètres JI aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1912 de Stockholm. [Ref.↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2]
Thème de l'article : Revue de presse Date de création : Mai 2016 Dernière modification : 22.05.2016 Avancement : [Développé] |